Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide - 1504 Words

Being able to decide the fate of your own life is not an easy decision to make, and is not something to be toyed with. However, when someone is in a desperate situation, and must choose before they lose their mind (quite literally), death may be more appealing, instead of living, and being forced to suffer. By legalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, we would provide â€Å"vulnerable† patients with better overall protection and health care, give patients (who are excruciatingly suffering and have no chance of recovery) the option to end their lives before they ever needed to go through such an ordeal and giving them peace of mind, and spare the families of the patients the emotional pain of watching their loved one slowly and painfully passing away. For these reasons, I believe that euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide should be legalized in Canada. Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are two similar topics which are constantly countered with extremely weak statements, such as â€Å"the argument that if we respect the liberty of some individuals to choose assisted death we will thereby expose the ill and frail to an increased risk of abuse or exploitation† (Schafer, â€Å"the case for legalization†), which is commonly known as the â€Å"slippery slope† debate. However, several countries and select states in the United States who have legalized euthanasia have not shown any signs of â€Å"slippery slopes†. In fact, these areas have actually demonstrated that: [R]ates ofShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide865 Words   |  4 Pagessubject for people; add in the idea of assisted suicides and there’s an uproar in society. Euthanasia or physician assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in our society today. Physician assisted suicide by definition is â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means (as a drug prescription) or information (as an indication of a lethal dosage) provided by a physician aware of the patient’s intent (Merriam-Webster). There are two modes of looking at assisted suicides; either it’s seen as an absurd immoralRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide918 Words   |  4 Pagesallows terminally ill patients to end their lives with the assistance of a physician. According to the legislature, patients who seek assisted-death must only have six months to live and are required to submit a written request as well as two oral requests at least 15 days apart. (Reilly). While Gov. Jerry Brown still has yet to approve this new law, the act has shed light on the topic of euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide. With the pending status of the law, the question remains on whether or notRead MoreEuthanasia Or Physician Assisted Suicide961 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia or physician assisted suicide, is the painless killing of a patient, suffering from a painful or incurable disease, like cancer, or alzheimer s, the practice is illegal in most countries, including the United States, although in the United States, it is a state decision, the only state in the United States that it is legal in is Oregon. Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1994, making euthanasia legal for chronically ill patients, the only caveat is that the doctor is allowedRead MoreEuthanasia, And Physician Assisted Suicide863 Words   |  4 Pagesare: euthanasia, and physician assisted suicide. Internationally, assisted suicide is a doctor prescribing drugs that end life. Th e patient is responsible for taking them. Euthanasia is the medication administered by doctors. Today, four countries have laws that allow euthanasia. (Ellis and Bronwyn) A few have laws for physician assisted suicide, and several countries have no laws against suicide. (Humphry) The United States of America have recently added a 5th state to offer assisted suicideRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1629 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems, assisted suicide creates options to reduce the amount of suffering the patient must enduring. Dying with dignity could be beneficial for not only the person who is dying, but also the person’s family and loved ones. This option, however, is often viewed as unethical and immoral throughout society. Physician-assisted suicide offers an option for those with health issues but poses various ethical and social issues. Assisted death is practiced in two different ways: euthanasia and physician-assistedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1806 Words   |  8 PagesPuett WRIT 1401 12/06/16 Physician Assisted Suicide Beginning in the 1970s, terminally ill patients were given the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment to end their own life, a process commonly referred to as euthanasia. They would be taken off life support, and death would be allowed to take its natural course. This idea was controversial at first, but now a bigger issue has taken its place. Many patients claim that they reserve the right to physician assisted suicide—killing oneself with meansRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide997 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right to Die with Dignity (The Legalization, At Risk Groups, and Rebuttal) The possible legalization of voluntary euthanasia and physician assisted suicide brings concerns in regards to how well it will be accepted. There are contradictions that exists between government and church when it comes to the morals and values placed on human life. Although, society has concerns in regards to at risk community groups and the type of treatment availableRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1249 Words   |  5 Pagesview euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide not as murder or suicide, but rather a release from the pain that holds down and a quicker, less painful way to get to the end that will happen anyways. Euthanasia is becoming much more of a hot topic in the news, both here at home in the US, as well as on the global stage with the new Prime Minister of Canada pushing for a law that would allow nationwide physician assisted death. As of now only a few states have legalized physician-assisted suicideRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Or Euthanasia1597 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide or euthanasia should be a right granted to all citizens who are suffering from a degenerative, painful, or fatal condition that would cause them to be unable to enjoy their lives as healthy people do. The right to die with dignity is a fundamental issue that is debated in the spiritual side of everyone. Some of us may have known someone close to them who has seen or gone through an ordeal as watching someone take their last breath. No one should suffer in pain or have their

New Trends In E-Business E-Government And M-Commerce Essay

Abstract The internet has emerged as a major, perhaps eventually the most important worldwide distribution channel for goods, services, managerial and professional jobs. This has profoundly changed the economics, markets and industry structure, products and services and their flow. The consumer segmentation, values and behavior has been shifting constantly due to new technological advances in electronic commerce and mobile commerce. E-commerce has given consumers cheaper products and services, instant delivery, no sales tax and information availability. The changes in the Internet and World Wide Web technologies and services lead to new developments in the way E-government efforts provide services to citizens and businesses, and in the†¦show more content†¦It was discovered that through the use of this technology, customers could to business transactions with the organization electronically, and this led to the birth of â€Å"electronic business,† also referred as â€Å"E-Com merce†. An E-business model is an approach to conducting electronic business on the Internet, E-business transactions take place between two major entities-business and consumers. All E-business activities happen within the framework of two types of business relationship: (1) the exchange of products and services between business (B2B) and (2) the exchange of products and services with consumers (B2C), this is taken from Business Driven Information Systems book. E-Government The discoveries achieved in early days of Web-enabled technologies through the use of electronic business led to the discovery of â€Å"electronic government†, also known as â€Å"eGov†. Government organizations began using these technologies to develop various applications to serve and govern their population in a fashion that was not possible a decade earlier. E-government uses improved Internet-based technology to make it easy for citizens and businesses to interact with the government, save taxpayer dollars, and streamline citizen-to-government communication. (Whitehouse). Now a days, E-government applicationsShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Greening Of Management1336 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze why the trend of green management strategies and perspectives have proven successful. In addition to the behaviors of the MoD, a green management perspective illustrated by management studies shows that companies that integrate green management appeal to a sector of stakeholde rs called â€Å"green stakeholders.† Green stakeholders are made up of the average environmentally-conscious consumer purchasing products or services from the organization, but also meet the demands set by government agencies throughRead MoreForms and Classification of Online Business1729 Words   |  7 PagesForms and classification of online business According to (Adam, Z.R.), the major different types of e-commerce (B2B) Business-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. Business-to-business is simply e-commerce that is present between two businesses. It is said that it is the fastest growing type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses transact withRead MoreE Commerce1203 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerceRead MoreEssay about The ECommerce Environment of Singapore1496 Words   |  6 PagesIndonesia. The island measures a total of 637 square kilometers with a coastline 193 kilometers long. Singapore is generally c omprised of lowland areas with a central plateau in the middle of the island. Its elevation ranges from the Bukit Timah, (166 m.), to the Singapore Strait which is at sea level. Its climate is tropical and wet. Precipitation occurs on 40% of all days, (70% of days in April). Singapores two biggest natural recourses are its fishing industry, and its deep water ports. SingaporeRead Moreâ€Å"Emerging Trends in Commerce Education to Face the Challenges of Dynamic Business World†1621 Words   |  7 PagesORIGINAL ARTICLE â€Å"Emerging trends in Commerce Education to face the challenges of dynamic business world† Jitendra Ahirrao1 and Prakash Ratanlal Rodiya2 1 Asoociate Professor, Department of Commerce,Smt. Dankunwar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jalna.E-mail: drahirrao@indiatimes.com 2 (M. Com., M. Phil., UGC NET)H. No. 135, Near Vitthal Mandir, Mahada Colony,Mantha Road, Jalna-431203. E-mail: prakashrodiya@rediffmail.com Abstract: Commerce education is business education. Commerce education is that area ofRead MoreMS Business Models2059 Words   |  9 PagesQUESTION 1: LIST THE BUSINESS MODELS USED BY M S Product/ Service Customization Model M S moderately or diligently aligns its products and ideas based on the dynamic or ever transforming market trends and fashion needs. According to the case study, M S is highly concentrated in the fashion industry and its ever-growing demand for its exclusive garments and customized accessories. Hands-on approach is mostly utilised by modelling agencies to fulfil the industry’s standards, and in the processRead MoreHow Is the Internet Reshaping What We Mean by Culture?1436 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. (Wikipedia). The Internet has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn and the way we trade. Communication trends have changed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. It is ev ident that the InternetRead MoreEssay How Is The Internet Reshaping Culture1362 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. (Wikipedia). The Internet has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn and the way we trade. Communication trends have changed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. It is evident that the InternetRead MoreE-Commerce for My Business578 Words   |  2 Pages Based on my future reading from â€Å"The Relationship between E-Commerce Adoption and Organization Performance† , the finding is also quite similar with these journal by which it had stated that the click-and mortar firm should also applying e-commerce and determine the necessary areas that need to be re-engineered in the process to increase the firm’s performance. However, it had been recommended that future researcher should consider some factors in determining their research by which Mutia SobihahRead MoreComparison Between E-Business and Traditional Business1559 Words   |  7 PagesElectronic Business (E-Business) is a perplexing practice due to the numerous aspects it involves. In today’s rapidly changing environment, organizations adopt E-Business to respond to several business drivers. The progressions of the macro-environments are creating innovative business environments, in which E-Business is considered a normal practice. This paper attempts to mod el the business environment and evaluate its competitive characteristics by comparing the traditional business with E-Business

Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States Free Essays

Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States In early American history slave owners were mainly of the Christian faith and believed in the literal truth of the Bible. They felt that many quotes in the bible gave them a â€Å"right† to use slaves for prophet. One such quote comes from Colossians 3:22 â€Å"Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favor, but with sincerity of heart and reverence for the Lord. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now † There are several economic factors contributing to African slavery in the United States, three of which will be discussed. Tariffs are one major economic factor that contributed to slavery in the US. The United States federal government taxed imports at rates from 5 to 15 percent, the taxes were primarily designed to create revenue to pay expenses and part of the national debt that the federal government had. These tariffs increase the price of items brought into the US from overseas. As the shipping costs rose and the taxes increased as well as the need for the importers to make a profit as well, the costs of these imported goods became too high and the demand for US products grew. Such products as Cotton and Tobacco could be grown and harvested in the US and sold at a far lower price, and slaves were used to harvest these products and avoid the tariffs. Avoiding many of the costs of importing these types of products and using slaves to harvest them allowed the owners of the slaves to make the money they needed to survive and become wealthy. Another major economic factor contributing to the growth of slavery in the US was the high demand of cotton. In 1793 the invention of the cotton gin, which separated the cotton seeds from the fiber, made it possible for plantation owners to produce more cotton products faster but the harvesting of the cotton could not keep up, more and more slaves were used to harvest the cotton just to keep up with the gin capacity. Once again not having to pay the slaves allowed the plantation owners to become wealthier and maintain a lifestyle they have become accustom to. As time continued, the southern economy became reliant on an Agricultural economy and the growth of agriculture is another economic factor in contributing to slavery in the US. Southern Plantation owners not only were heavy in cotton and tobacco but also started growing rice, corn, wheat, hemp and sugar. In order for the economy to grow the plantations needed to grow, and as the plantations grow so did the number of slaves. Slavery grew to maintain an economy based on agriculture, once again using unpaid slaves allowed owners to continue to get wealthy and maintain there lifestyle. As the slave trade grew so did the relationship between the Plantation owners and the slave traders so much so that exporting became a factor in the economy of slavery in the US. With the so called free labor that slaves brought to the plantations, the owners were able to produce items at such a cheap rate they could sell them as exports to other countries and make money. The cost of these goods in other countries were more expensive to produce mainly because of the cost of labor, where in the south labor was done by slaves. The plantation owners and the slave traders were able to come to agreements allowing both parties the ability to make money, Plantation owners sold goods to other countries and Traders hauled the product back and forth overseas for a profit. Tariffs, cotton, tobacco and an economy based on agriculture, as well as additional income due to exports are a few major factors that contributed to slavery in the United States. The issue of slavery divided the Southern part of the states from the Northern. The North separated themselves as an economy based on industry instead of Agriculture. As Abraham Lincoln campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed it made the northern states conclude that slavery was morally wrong and should come to an end. The southern states wondered how an economy could survive without slaves, not enough money to pay workers to harvest the product and maintain there lifestyle. Slavery was one of many reasons for the Civil War, which had a lasting effect on early America. While it is unfair to say slavery was the only cause of the civil war I believe that many of the causes can be attributed to slavery. I will list three causes to the civil war which barely touches the surface of what I think is one of the most misunderstood wars. The causes I chose are ones that involve slavery in one way or another. First the Dred Scott decision, Dred Scott v. Sandford,(1857), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants whether or not they were slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States. It also held that the United States Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves as chattel or private property could not be taken away from their owners without due process. The Supreme Court’s decision was written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. Opponents of slavery attacked the Dred Scott decision. In the Albany, New York, Evening Journal they combined two themes and â€Å"denounced the decision as both an offense to the principles of liberty on which the nation was founded, and a victory for slave states over the free states†. This decision divided the north and the south even more deeply the south was clearly a winner in this decision as it help maintain the need for slavery, while the north became even more angered with the south. Second, John Brown’s raid was an attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. Brown’s raid was defeated by a detachment of U. S. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee. The intent of the raid was to arm rebellious slaves and allowing them to strike fear into the slaveholders of Virginia. Brown and others were charged with treason and hung in Virginia once again angering politicians in the north. Third the election of Abraham Lincoln, while it is well known that Lincoln was opposed to slavery and the slave trade, he did say that a war would not be waged to abolish slavery but as a way to strengthen the Union. The South did not believe him and felt he was only interested in what was best for the north and thus proceeded to succeed from the union, while South Carolina was the first many others followed, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. This â€Å"declaration of Secession. † Made it clear that he north and south had divided and the only way to become one was to go to war. Citations Peter Kolchin, B. A. , Ph. D 2009 retrieved August 9, 2009, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761580652_3/Slavery_in_the_United_States. html Martin Kelly 2009 retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://americanhistory. about. com/od/civilwarmenu/a/cause_ civil_war. htm Swain, Gwenyth, 2004, Dred and Harriet Scott: A Family’s Struggle for Freedom. Saint Paul, MN: Borealis Books. Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, 1974, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. How to cite Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States, Papers

Unmet Need of Afghani Refuee in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Iincrease health care utilization among Afghani refugees in Australia. Answer: Title Planning health promotion program to increase health care utilization among Afghani refugees in Australia Aims of the project: The main objectives of the project are as follows: To identify and address unmet needs of Afghan refugee in Australia To consider and plan health promotion program to optimize health outcome in Afghani refugees. To consider the implication of the program in improving the delivery of health care among Afghani community in Australia. Problem/unmet community health need for the identified group Afghans have been migrating to Australia since the 1860s and currently the number of Afghan community in Australia is 35000. The number is rising mainly through humanitarian program. They have been a victim of many civil war and human right abuses. Hence, most of the Afghanistan-born people settled in Australia are mostly asylum seekers and refugees with history of trauma and displacement. Many health practices in Afghan refugees differ from that of Australian Community. Firstly, they are unfamiliar with the Australian health care system and they are reluctant to seek health care services too. Even if they seek health services, there is a preference to be seen by the health care staffs of the same gender (Afghan community profile 2017). The review of literature on unmet needs of Afghani refugee in Australia reveals that mental health issues disproportionately affects Afghan refugees due to prolonged exposure to war. Refugees are in general vulnerable to high psychological distress and in Afghan refugees, it is mostly due to pre-migration and post-migration traumas. The problem is intensified as they do not receive any prior psychological support in their own country due to weak mental health infrastructure. Their experience of atrocities, loss of family members and stressful escape experience is the reason for high comorbidity of mental illness. Hence, the mental health problem is mediated by mental health and language conflicts. Low utilization of mental health care is also high due to attitudes of stigma and lack of trust in Australian health care methods (Alemi et al. 2014). Therefore, this finding suggests that there is a need to adapt medical health problem that promotes utilization of mental health care servic es among Afghan refugees living in Australia. Valibhoy et al., (2017) gave another insight into the experience of Afghan refugees in Australian mental health service and the survey with young refugees gave the answer to the research question. Mental health service utilization in this group was particularly influenced by the young refugees preconceptions about mental health practitioner, sociocultural context and help-seeking attitudes. They had a stigmatizing concept about being a mental health client and another barrier to service utilization was the poor narration of personal experience and symptoms of health care staffs. Therefore, the need for cultural sensitivity in delivering mental health service mainly arose in this research study as socio-cultural context mainly influenced their service utilization pattern. There is an urgent need to establish a condition that promotes therapeutic relationship between mental health service and Afghan refugees. Afghan refugees settled in Australia are highly vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An analysis of the beliefs regarding the causes and risk of PTSD among two refugee groups in Australia showed that Afghan refugees regard coming from a war-torn country as a major reason for the development of PTSD. The participants response also indicated that they regarded the role of higher order powers in the etiology of mental health problems. This proves that impact of religious and spiritual teaching also influence utilization rate of health care services among this group (Slewa-Younan et al., 2017). This finding is also consistent with the research by Toar et al., (2009) which also reveals the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety among asylum seekers and refugees. The rate of utilization of health care service in this group was done by means of assessment of frequency of contact with health care practitioners, number of hospital admissions in last one year and use of pre scribed medication in the past two weeks. The study finding gives the idea that high post migration stressors along with presence of one or more chronic disease leading to PTSD and anxiety in refugees. Despite high self-reported problem of psychological disorder in this group, majority of them are not utilizing Australian mental health services adequately. As Afghan refugees are one of the largest source of refugee settlement in Australia, there a need to promote better health outcome in this group. The review of recent evidence regarding the problems/ or unmet needs in this group illustrates high prevalence of psychological distress and mental illness in this group. Another major unmet need is that despite high psychological disorder, the health service utilization rate is too low. This is mainly because of poor awareness regarding Australian health care system and impact of sociocultural context in treatment choices. Hence, the analysis of the reason for these problems in Afghan refugees indicates that the implementation of targeted health promotion program in this group by putting special attention to cultural sensitivity in health care delivery. This is important to preserve the diversity of the nature and deliver culturally competence services (Haintz, Graham, Mckenzie, 2015). Proposed health promotion program To address the problem of the prevalence of psychological distress in Afghan refugees and poor rate of service utilization in this group, it is proposed to implement a culturally sensitive health promotion program to raise awareness about mental health in Afghan refugees and the importance of seeking help from mental health care professionals and community nurses. This would help to bridge the gap between current use of mental health care services and the knowledge and beliefs regarding treatment in Afghan refugees (Renzaho et al., 2013). To improve the mental health of refugees, it is planned to provide trauma-based CBT (Cognitive behavioral therapy) intervention to highly vulnerable people. It is feasible in reducing PTSD among refugees (Unterhitzenberger et al., 2015). Furthermore, to enhance the rate of utilization of mental health service among this group, Andersens model will be applied in the health promotion program. The model will help staffs to understand the needs of patie nts in care and identify the barrier and facilitators to help-seeking behavior among Afghan refugees. This will make health professionals sensitive to cultural and clinical needs of Afghan refugees and enhance the access to service (Dhingra et al., 2010). It is proposed to achieve the desired outcome of high mental health service utilization and positive health outcome for Afghan refugees through culturally sensitive health care program within one year. Resources needed to implement the health promotion program The following are the resource needed for the implementation of the proposed health promotion program- Venue- Community mental health centers in Australia Staff- Community nurse, mental health professionals and therapist for delivering CBT. Culturally and linguistically competent health promotion material- Training resource for staff such as projector, handout of socio-cultural detail, linguistic status, beliefs and treatment preference of Afghan refugees and printed or audio-visual format on instruction related to the procedure for culturally sensitive health care delivery. Health promotion message related to risk reduction and community action for preventing mental health problems. Engaging community partners in health promotion program and giving extensive cultural sensitive training to staffs. Justifying the benefits and relevance of proposed health promotion program The implementation of the culturally sensitive health promotion program by the utilization of the Andersen model is considered important for the Afghan refugees because it would help to narrow the gap in mental health service utilization rate which according due to socio-cultural beliefs of refugees. The analysis of the unmet needs in Afghan refugees residing in Australia revealed lack of refugee focused health service in Australia. Although the mental health services are available, however they are not conducive to socio-cultural preference of this group. Besides this, stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness also discourages Afghan refugees to seek adequate support from mental health service. Hence, with this problem, the culturally sensitive health care program has the scope to bring improvement in current process of health care delivery and align it to the cultural needs of the target group (Netto et al., 2010). The implementation of the proposed program is a step ahead toward refugee focused mental health care system so that all barrier and facilitating factors in care for Afghan refugees are recognized. Refugees face problem in accessing and utilizing the primary health care service due to their attitude and beliefs about illness. The engagement of the community by means of culturally sensitive health care program will help to enhance partnership between Afghan refugees and mental health services (Cheng et al., 2015). The culturally sensitive health promotion will be given by means of language assistant service, verbal and written instructing informing patients about the risk factor associated with mental illness and importance of revealing personal factors in life to achieve targeted intervention. It will help in the interpretation of challenges in Afghan refugees and address them in a systematic manner. By this means, patient-desired intervention can be provided to make them comfortable with western clinical methods and establish trusting relationship with health care staffs and community (Tucker et al., 2011). This is important because review of barriers has revealed that many refugees do not seek support from health care service due to lack of trust (Alemi et al. 2014). The important element of community level health practices involves promotion of healthy living in target group, prevention of health issues, treatment of disorders, rehabilitation and evaluation of outcome. The health promotion program is unique and specific to the needs of the Afghan refugees. It is in relevance with the Neumans care model which is based on the assumption that many unknown and universal stressors exist in client, which further aggravate their health status and each client have their own way of responding to the environment (George, 2011). With this concept, the resistance to seeking help behavior is high in Afghan refugees due to the presence of post and pre-migration stressors in their life. Hence, staff training in cultural sensitive care and awareness and knowledge about mental health among Afghan refugees is deemed to bring favorable outcome as expected from the objective of the project. The main unmet need of the Afghan refugees living in Australia is that of poor utilization of health care services and to address this problem, the application of Andersen model into the health promotion program has been proposed. The rational for including this model in the program is that this program will facilitate identifying conditions that can promote utilization in this group (Alexander, Brijnath, Mazza, 2015). According to this framework, a clients pattern of accessing and using the health service can be understood three characteristics- predisposing factors (health belief, social structure and demographic), enabling factors (available health facilities, personal factors and psychological characteristics) and need factors (the conditions under which the health service is utilized (Smith Scheid, 2014; 2013). Hence, the utilization of this framework in health promotion program will have great implications for community level clinical practice. It will increase awareness abou t refugee group belief about the cause of mental health problems and this will modify the choice of interventions delivered to Afghan refugees. Evaluation of the desired outcome To evaluate the outcome of the health promotion program on increasing mental health utilization rate among Afghan refugees, self-reported data will be collected from participants six months after the program. The survey by means of self-reported response of participants will evaluate the change in beliefs about the cause of psychological disorder in this group and analyse the change in their health beliefs and health seeking behavior after the program. Another important aspect of the evaluation process will to collect data from mental health clinic regarding the increase in number of visits of Afghan refugees for treatment compared to last six months data. By this means, the success of the program can be evaluated. Furthermore, participants experience regarding the health promotion program will help to identify any limitation or weak area where more corrective actions. This will help to collect the required information regarding the bridge in gap between current intervention and heal th beliefs of the Afghan refugee groups. Reference Afghan community profile. (2017).www.dss.gov.au [online] Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/settle/communityprogiles/community-profile-afghan_access.pdf [Accessed 1 Apr. 2017]. Alemi, Q., James, S., Cruz, R., Zepeda, V., Racadio, M. (2014). Psychological distress in afghan refugees: A mixed-method systematic review.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,16(6), 1247-1261. doi:10.1007/s10903-013-9861-1 Alexander, K. E., Brijnath, B., Mazza, D. (2015). Parents' decision making and access to preventive healthcare for young children: Applying andersen's model.Health Expectations,18(5), 1256-1269. doi:10.1111/hex.12100 Cheng, I., Wahidi, S., Vasi, S., Samuel, S. (2015). Importance of community engagement in primary health care: The case of afghan refugees.Australian Journal of Primary Health,21(3), 262. doi:10.1071/PY13137 Dhingra, S. S., Zack, M., Strine, T., Pearson, W. S., Balluz, L. (2010). Determining prevalence and correlates of psychiatric treatment with Andersen's behavioral model of health services use.Psychiatric Services,61(5), 524-528. George, J. B. (2011).Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice, 6/e. Pearson Education India. Haintz, G. L., Graham, M., Mckenzie, H. (2015). Navigating the ethics of cross-cultural health promotion research.Health Promotion Journal of Australia: Official Journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals,26(3), 235-240. doi:10.1071/HE15050 Netto, G., Bhopal, R., Lederle, N., Khatoon, J., Jackson, A. (2010). How can health promotion interventions be adapted for minority ethnic communities? Five principles for guiding the development of behavioural interventions.Health Promotion International,25(2), 248-257. Renzaho, A. M. N., Romios, P., Crock, C., Snderlund, A. L. (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(3), 261-269. Slewa-Younan, S., Guajardo, M. G. U., Yaser, A., Mond, J., Smith, M., Milosevic, D., . . . Jorm, A. F. (2017). Causes of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: The beliefs of iraqi and afghan refugees resettled in australia.International Journal of Mental Health Systems,11(1) doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0109-z Smith, G. H., Scheid, T. L. (2014;2013;). An application of the andersen model of health utilization to the understanding of the role of race-concordant doctor-patient relationships in reducing health disparities. (pp. 187-214) Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S0275-4959(2013)0000031011 Toar, M., O'Brien, K. K., Fahey, T. (2009). Comparison of self-reported health healthcare utilisation between asylum seekers and refugees: An observational study.BMC Public Health,9(1), 214-214. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-214 Tucker, C. M., Marsiske, M., Rice, K. G., Nielson, J. J., Herman, K. (2011). Patient-centered culturally sensitive health care: Model testing and refinement.Health Psychology,30(3), 342-350. doi:10.1037/a0022967 Unterhitzenberger, J., Eberle-Sejari, R., Rassenhofer, M., Sukale, T., Rosner, R., Goldbeck, L. (2015). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with unaccompanied refugee minors: A case series.BMC Psychiatry,15(1), 260. doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0645-0 Valibhoy, M. C., Kaplan, I., Szwarc, J. (2017). It comes down to just how human someone can be: A qualitative study with young people from refugee backgrounds about their experiences of australian mental health services.Transcultural Psychiatry,54(1), 23-45. doi:10.1177/1363461516662810

Malcolm X Essays (1413 words) - African-American Muslims

Malcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960's believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther King's "non-violent protests" weren't working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm X's life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s who preached that all blacks should leave the US and go back to Africa. While Malcolm's father was away and Malcolm's mother was pregnant with Malcolm, a group of KKK members came to their house and told Mrs. Little to send out her husband. She came out of the house and stood where all the KKK could see that she was pregnant and told them that Mr. Little was in Milwaukee preaching. The KKK, disappointed, shouted threats and told them to leave town. After this they broke every window in the Little's home and left. When Mr. Little came home and heard what happened, he decided to move as soon a Malcolm was born to Lansing, Michigan. Here was where Malcolm's father died at the hand of the Black Legion (X 4-! 13). After Malcolm's father's death, his mother who had to take care of eight children and endure threats from the KKK, suffered a nervous breakdown. As a result, Malcolm and his siblings were taken by the welfare department. Malcolm was later enrolled in a reform school and did very well grade wise. He was the best student in his class and wanted to become a lawyer. When the school heads heard about this, they sent a person to talk to Malcolm. This person told and convinced Malcolm that he was black and that he could never become a lawyer because of it. As a result, he dropped out of after the eighth grade and moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he worked several different jobs. Soon, Malcolm became associated in a gang and sold and used drugs, and was involved in many other criminal activities. His gang "career" ended when he got into some trouble due to a bet with the gang leader. Since the gang wanted Malcolm killed, Malcolm hid for a while. Soon, Malcolm decid! ed to rob a house which he heard had a lot of valuables in it. Soon one night, he robbed the house, but was caught later. Malcolm was charged with burglary and sent to prison for a maximum of eight years of which he served six. This was a turning point in Malcolm's life. While in prison, Malcolm educated himself and became interested in the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm spent his time in jail educating himself and learning more about the Nation of Islam (later known as the Black Muslims). Their belief, which was contrary to Martin Luther King Jr.'s, mainly to was to segregated whites and blacks. The Nation of Islam wanted to establish a separate Afro-American homeland in the U.S. and believed that the white person is "the Devil" who wanted to enslave all non-whites. The Nation of Islam also strictly followed the Islamic belief. When Malcolm was released from prison after in 1952, he joined a temple in Detroit, and took the name Malcolm X. He took the name X because his present last name was the last name of the slave master who freed their slave and since the slave didn't know who their ancestors were, and therefore didn't know their real last name, they often took up the last name of their master. Many Muslims kept the name "X" because in math, "X" is represented as an unknown variable like their real last name. A person was to keep the name "X" until God himself gave them a "holy name"(Encarta 2). Soon after his release from jail, Malcolm worked for his oldest brother who managed a furniture store. While working, he also gave many speeches, and went "fishing"(fishing is when someone stands out on a sidewalk and hand

Problem Set Two-MBA 503

Problem Set Two-MBA 503 9-17. Jack Hammer invests in a stock that will pay dividends of $2.00 at the end of the first year; $2.20 at the end of the second year; and $2.40 at the end of the third year. Also, he believes that at the end of the third year he will be able to sell the stock for $33. What is the present value of all future benefits if a discount rate of 11 percent is applied? (Round all values to two places to the right of the decimal point.)PV=[2(1/(1+.11)^1]+[2.2(1/(1+.11)^2]+[2.4(1/(1+.11)^3]+[33(1/(1+.11)^3]PV=2.22+1.28+.98+13.50PV=17.989.22 Your rich godfather has offered you a choice of one of the three following alternatives: $10,000 now; $2,000 a year for eight years; or $24,000 at the end of eight years.a. Assuming you could earn 11 percent annually, which alternative should you choose?b. If you could earn 12 percent annually, would you still choose the same alternative?a. Choice 11st year$10,000*1.11=11,1002ndpyramid film company, dayton, ohioyear$11,100*1.11=12,3213rd year$12,321*1.11= 13, 676.314th year$13,676.31*1.11=15,180.705th year$15,180.70*1.11=16850.586th year$16,850.58*1.11=18,704.157th year$18,704.15*1.11=20,761.608th year$20,761.60*1.11=23,045.38Choice 21st year$2,0002nd year$2,000+($2000*1.11)=42203rd year$2,000 + (2000 * 1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2)=6684.204th year$2,000+(2000*1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2))+(2000*(1.11^3))=9419.165th year$2,000+(2000*1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2))+(2000*(1.11^3))+(2000*(1.11^4))=12455.606th year$2,000+(2000*1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2))+(2000*(1.11^3))+(2000*(1.11^4))+(2000*(1.11^5))=15825.727th year$2,000+(2000*1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2))+(2000*(1.11^3))+(2000*(1.11^4))+(2000*(1.11^5))+(2000*(1.11^6))=19566.558th year$2,000+(2000*1.11)+(2000*(1.11^2))+(2000*(1.11^3))+(2000*(1.11^4))+(2000*(1.11^5))+(2000*(1.11^6))+(2000*(1.11^7)) =23,718.87Assuming I could earn 11% a year, I would choose to receive $24, 000.00 at the end of the eight years.b. Choice 11st year$10,000*1.12=11,2002nd year$11,200*1.12=12,5443rd year$12,544*1.12=14,049.284th year$14,049.28*1.12 =15,735.195th year$15,735.19*1.12=17,623.416th year$17,623.41*1.12=19 738.227th year$19,738.22*1.12=22,106.818th year$22,106.81*1.12=24,759.63Choice 21st year$2,0002nd year$2,000+($2,000*1.12)=42403rd year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))=6748.804th year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))+(2000*(1.12^3))=9558.665th year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))+(2000*1.12^3))+(2000*(1.12^4))=12 705.696th year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))+(2000*(1.12^3))+(2000*(1.12^4))+(2000*(1.12^5))=16 230.387th year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))+(2000*(1.12^3))+(2000*(1.12^4))+(2000*(1.12^5))+(2000*(1.12^6))=20 178.028th year$2,000+(2000*1.12)+(2000*(1.12^2))+(2000*(1.12^3))+(2000*(1.12^4))+(2000*(1.12^5))+(2000*(1.12^6))+(2000*(1.12^7)) =24 599.39Assuming I could earn 12% a year, I would choose to receive the $10,000.00.9.23 You need $28,974 at the end of 10 years, and your only investment outlet is an 8 percent long-term certificate of deposit (compounded annually). With the certificate of dep osit, you make an initial investment at the beginning of the first year.1. What single payment could be made at the beginning of the first year to achieve this objective?2. What amount could you pay at the end of...

Price Setting as the Art of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Setting as the Art of War - Essay Example Past historical data can provide insight into the willingness of people to pay more for an item. Take for example food items such as vegetables. The prices of vegetables fluctuate a lot due to supply and demand factors. If in the past customer was willing to pay $3 for a lettuce, then the company knows that it can increase its price to that threshold in the future. Past data has to be analyzed to determine how much volume of sales was generated at higher price points. Â  It is always a smart strategy to gain insight directly from the customers. The use of surveys can help a company determine if customers are willing to pay more for a good or service. The survey has to be well designed to include questions associated with the subject. For example, you can ask a customer if he is willing to pay more if the item the company sells increases in quality. Historical sales data can also be useful because they establish purchasing patterns. Â  The prices of sporting events in different spots vary depending on the team. For example, the New York Yankees can charge higher entrance prices than the Florida Marlins due to the fact that New York is a bigger marketplace. The record of the team also influences in the pricing for sporting events. Teams with winning records can charge more than the team with losing records. I consider pricing to be the art of diplomacy. Prices are set based on set variables such as quality, value, and marketplace. Items sold in flea markets are going to be cheaper than items sold at the mall. Â  

Good or Bad Performance for Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Good or Bad Performance for Cities - Essay Example In several studies, graffiti was found to have the following advantages to the cities: (1) it revitalizes the city through â€Å"controlled graffiti†; (2) it is a form of community beautification by spicing up urban blight and (3) it educates the public through disseminating relevant social issues. On the other hand, graffiti has still been viewed as a form of vandalism and a crime in many societies. The City of Calgary, for example, penalizes those caught doing graffiti with a $5000 fine. It is viewed as a waste of time and resources as the city would eventually resort to cleaning and removing them. The costs of removing them are tremendous and take a financial toll to the government. The Journal Live news of graffiti report â€Å"unwelcome art attacks cost  £1m a year MORE than a million pounds is spent every year cleaning up graffiti in the North-East". In addition, prison sentences were handed to members of a gang who work on making graffiti and were found to have destr oyed â€Å"hundreds of buildings and railway bridges in their distinctive tags over eight months, giving transport operators a huge clean-up bill amounting to  £140,000†. The actions of graffiti artists are evaluated according to their specific objectives or purpose for doing their art form. Most governments have recognized the evolution of graffiti art as continuously transforming. Stowers (1997) averred that â€Å"whether or not all of the public agrees that graffiti art is good, bad, or extremely valuable is a different discussion.

Water Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water Quality - Research Paper Example Different bodies set the standards for basing water quality measurements. The primary purpose for setting standards is protection of aquatic and human life. Standards The concerned organizations set different standards according to the varying uses of water (WHO 1). Environmental factors affect natural water bodies and environmental specialists work to identify sources of contamination. Many people usually associate the term â€Å"water quality† with contamination. Water quality, as a topic under discussion, is a complex subject since water cannot be separated from the ecology. The chief cause of water pollution on the globe is its use in industrial and commercial sectors of the economy. Untreated wastes from industries pose a significant threat to aquatic, as well as human life. Runoff water from agricultural activities also contaminates water. Parameters As stated earlier, standards for measuring water quality are set accordingly as uses of water vary. The intended use of wa ter, therefore, sets parameters for water quality. There is a focus on water treated for use in industries, by human beings or in the environment. Contaminants in untreated water intended for human use comprise of organic contaminants (chemical contaminants from industrial and petroleum use), inorganic contaminants (salts and metals), and microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Water quality depends on bio network or ecology, as well as human uses of water. For example, water may be used to dispose sewage or industrial waste thereby affecting its quality (Kaul and Gautam 4). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), established in 1970s, has set two types of standards to limit contaminants in tab water. These standards are primary, which regulate substances that are likely to harm health of people, and secondary. Secondary standards dwell on the qualities that have an effect on odor, appearance and taste. Drinking water may have low levels of contaminants which may not necessarily pose a threat to health. Municipal water systems in urban areas use water purification technology to treat water from the source before distributing for human use. The terms â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† water describe types of water needed for industrial or domestic use. Hard water contains minerals, for example, magnesium and calcium, which hamper effective washing abilities of soap. Soft water, on the other hand, does not have minerals and people prefer it for washing. Soft water is not healthy for human consumption since it lacks minerals needed by the body. Therefore, softening of hard water for human use is not advisable. Environmental water quality touches on surface water in oceans, rivers and lakes. The quality standards for such water vary due to flora and fauna, ecological conditions and intended human use (â€Å"Water quality targets online† 10). Toxic substances in water, needed for fishing, irrigation and industrial use, present risk to health. Plants irrigated with such water absorb toxins which get passed on along the chain as animals consume them. Toxins also have adverse effects on aquatic life. Water quality regulations set standards for protection of water, and establish provisions to guard against water contamination. Environmental scientists strive to preserve flora and fauna and focus on preservation of endangered kind and the health of people. Water quality sampling and testing There are numerous water quality indicators which shows that water quality as an area under discussion is multifaceted. Water exists in balance with the environment and, hence, experts make precise measurements of water quality on the source. Measurements of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved gases, and transparency depth (closely related to

Does Music Have Any Effects On The Brain?

Does Music Have Any Effects On The Brain? Music can have a very strong influence; is it strong enough to affect your brain? Music is an art of sound that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and colour. The power and influence of music on individuals is a psychological process involving the human ears, body, brain, and nervous system. Besides its pleasing effects to the ears, it has been established that music can have an influence on our emotional state of being. People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. In recent years, however, a question has been raised with regards to music and its effects on the brain: Does listening to music help improve our physical and mental abilities? Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (the most popular American Poet in the 19th century, 1807-1882) wrote Music is the universal language of mankind. It brings us together as a society and unites people of different cultural backgrounds. It is a very important element which can be used for many purposes such as entertainment, sleeping aid, pain relief, relaxation tool, eliminate stress, emotional purposes, provide means of self-expression, aid develop the skills necessary at workplace, home or general environment and so much more. It is also used for special occasions such as funerals, weddings, graduations, soldiers marching off to war, sporting events, prayer, romantic dinners and parties. Music is mostly used in these types of events because it has the influence to change our atmosphere and provide us with a sense of pleasure, comfort and happiness. It also enhances teamwork skills and discipline in churches and in bands where all team members involvement and participation is required to produce a good song. Research shows that certain types of music such as classical music, yoga music or nature music creates a calming effect on us which helps reduce our heart rate. This may enable us conquer anxiety and gain self confidence. Music can help us communicate with each other when languages are different. Before the invention of mails and telephones, certain tribes use to contact each other with drumbeats. Sound travels at about 350 meters per second in dry air at 20 C (68 F) and this was quicker and efficient in getting a message across to each other in the Ancient times which required some skills and knowledge. There was a sender and a receiver who would interpret the me ssage to the Leader of the village. This was mostly practised in Africa and Asia and is still practised in some parts of the world. The drawbacks were messages could be interpreted wrongly by the receiver or conveyed wrongly by the sender which caused inconvenience. There are many uses and benefits of music which are yet to be discovered. In recent years, scientists have been astonished by the effects music has on children. Babies are mostly lulled to sleep with lullabies due to its known calming effects on the brain and body. Experiment has proven that introducing toddlers to good music genres such as classical at an early age enables them become more creative, increase their level of imagination and their ability to obtain and develop different skills in later life. During childhood we are all expected to learn nursery rhymes reason being music is known to be a kick-start to learning and known to offer long life benefits. Also as individuals we all need diversity in our lives to broaden our knowledge and develop strong relationships in life. On Sunday, 21 February 2010, one of the major British newspapers The Guardian, which has a certified average daily circulation of 358,844 copies, published an article on music and its power to shape a chil ds mind. (Source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/music-has-the-power-to-shape-a-childs-mind-1905967.html).The article discusses some of the profound effects of music on the nervous system and encourages schools to make it a core subject. Schools which fail to make music a core subject are making a mistake, because it has advantages for the growing brain and would help all children, including those with dyslexia and autism, neuroscientist Professor Nina Kraus said. Professor Krauss team at North-western University in Chicago, Illinois, have shown that the nervous system responds to the acoustic properties of speech and music with sub-millisecond precision. The effectiveness with which the nervous system interprets sound patterns is linked to musical ability. Scientists have been amazed by some of effects of music can be have individuals. This has led to the establishment of a field of health care known as Music Therapy. Therapists use the benefits and positive effects of music to improve and maintain their patients emotional, physical, aesthetic, mental, social, and spiritual well being. Those who practice music therapy are finding it very useful and effective which enables them live a normal life. It is used to help patients with cancer, neurodevelopment disorders such as dementia, children with ADD and autism. A National Autistic Society spokeswoman explained how many children with autism respond well to music. It helps children in communication and interaction. It also creates a calming effect on the patients which enables them express some level of emotion. This has resulted in many patients overcoming certain illnesses. Hospitals are also beginning to use music and music therapy to help with pain management. In some hospital theatre s such as Bay Medical Center located in both Northeast Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (America), music is used to help ward off patients depression and ease muscle tension. Many patients reacted positively to especially classical music as it generated a comforting environment and calmed patients which enabled doctors progress during operations. However, it could be argued that music can be an addiction and if not constantly played to these patients could cause further depression in some cases. Scientist have conducted further research and found that music with a strong beat can stimulate brainwaves to resonate in sync with the beat, with faster beats bringing sharper concentration and more alert thinking to the listener. Slower music genre such as classical helps promote a relaxed and meditative state (source: http://www.brainskills.co.uk/MusicTherapy.html ). Over the years scientist have been looking at some other benefits music can offer. Athletes such as cyclist and marathon runners are known to find music very useful during training sessions. Most of these athletes consider music as a motivation and a relaxation tool which helps prepare the body and mind for a lengthy workout. There are believes that fast music can help athletes train faster and better during training, leading to a good workout. To determine the actual effects of music on the performance of athletes, Scientists at St. Scholastica College in Duluth, Minnesota conducted a test with six men and five women on a 15 minute treadmill at 5.5 mile per hour on each runner. The runners were categorised into a group of three. Group1 and 2 consisted of two males and two females and group 3 consisted of two males and one female. Group 1 were made to listen to a fast pace beat, group 2 were made to listen a slow beat and group 3 listened to no music. This was observed for 15 minutes and in the study, it was discovered that group 1 burned 10 extra calories over 15 minutes, an extra 40 calories per hour. This may seem a small gain but if practised constantly over just three hours a week, you may be capable of burning an extra 2 pounds of fat in the course of a year. This will help towards the individuals stamina and be of great advantage to his/her mental health. This research also suggested that music if combined with appropriate imagery can have either a calming effect on the individual during physical training which helps improve the cardiovascular system by maintaining adequate circulation of oxygenated blood around the vascular network of the body. However, there is no firm evidence that suggest that the tranquilising effects of music can promote better performances when athletes listen to the music before performing. The research, however, implies that listening to music during training sessions can certainly improve workout quality. (Effect of Up-Beat Mus ic on Endurance Performance, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, volume 27(5), Supplement, #853, p. S151, 1995 and The Impact of Music and Imagery on Physical Performance and Arousal: Studies of Coordination and Endurance, Journal of Sport Behaviour, volume 15(1), pages. 21-33, 1992) Music is mostly divided into genres and subgenres. Some of the main genres are Rock/Pop, Jazz, Hip hop, World, Nostalgia, Blues, Country, Easy Listening, Folk, Ethnic, Metal and other subgenres. Classical music is one of the oldest genres encircling a broad era from roughly 1750s to date (source: http://www.musiclessonsonline.co.uk/ClassicalMusic.html ). It has inspired and influenced other genres such as hip hop and RB. It is accepted by nearly every generation ever since its establishment. Researchers have come across some rather amazing benefits of classical music. It holds one of the largest listeners due to its calming effects which aid the mind and its ability to inspire its listeners. Amongst the results it was found that classical music has the ability to reduce crime. British Transport Police supplied classical music into London Underground stations in 2004 in some of the areas most dangerous neighbourhoods. After playing the music for six months, robberies were cut by 33 percent, staff assaults decreased by 25 percent and vandalism went down 37 percent. This was not the first time classical music had been used in preventing crime. In 2001, police in West Palm Beach, Florida installed a CD player and speakers on an abandoned building in a crime-ridden neighbourhood. After playing classical music mostly Mozart, Bach and Beethoven 24 hours a day for about three months, shootings, thefts, loiterers and drug deals decreased. (Source: http://hypography.com/forums/music-studies/14554-help-me-describe-why-music-education-5.html ) It was also discovered that if you walk into a store thats playing classical music you are likely to spend more. It is used as an instrument to get you to purchase more items, as consumer advocate and columnist Brian Vaszily entertainingly explains in How Stores are secretly using music to lure their customers. Music can help shape customers time perception, lower sales resistance and increase willingness to spend, says James Kellaris, a marketing professor at the University of Cincinnati. The complexity of classical music makes your brain work harder, causing it to overcompensate and make you feel like youve been in the store for less time than you actually have. Meanwhile, the music can make it more difficult for shoppers to use critical thinking in deciding whether to buy a product. The end result is spending more time in the store, buying more, and spending more money. (Source: http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/06/10/05/how_classical_music_can_reduce_crime_benefit_your_mood_and_ increase_your_spending.htm) All these events reveal that music can control our brains and has the capability to change our live style and behavioural patterns. Scientists wanted to prove scientifically how listening to a song helps develop the brain. Several experiments were conducted to find out which side of the brain is activated and improved when we listen to music. Mozarts music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. Reading activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, causes the brain to be more capable of processing information. According to The Center for New Discoveries in Learning, learning potential can be increased a minimum of five times by using this 60 beats per minute music. For example, the ancient Greeks sang their dramas because they understood how music could help them remember more easily. A renowned Bulgarian psychologist, Dr. George Lozanov, designed a way to teach foreign languages in a fraction of the normal learning time. Using his system, students could learn up to one half of the vocabulary and phrases for the whole school term (which amounts to almost 1,000 words or phrases) in one day. Along with this, the average retention rate of his students was 92%. Dr. Lozanovs system involved using certain classical music pieces from the baroque period which have around a 60 beats per minute pattern. He has proven that foreign languages can be learned with 85-100% efficiency in only thirty days by using these baroque pieces. His students had a recall accuracy rate of almost 100% even after not re viewing the material for four years. Music has also been used by Doctors to heal the human mind and also cure diseases. It has been used as a means of overcoming depression and reducing chronic pain. Music can be described as a tool used to capture and transmit emotions. One of the advantages of music is its ability to achieve more than one objective at a time. Elevating music can divert the mind and revive the soul. Sad and soulful music can offer solace, encourage and support psychological work and set free emotions. When exposed to the worlds dilemmas, some depend on drugs and others relate to music to help overcome these obstacles. Some of these dilemmas can lead to Depression which reduces the activities that occur in our brains and obstructs the minds capability to arrange and carry out responsibilities. The lack of the neurotransmitter and Serotonin leads to a depressed state of mind. It has been discovered by scientist that listening to music could help reduce chronic pain and depression by a quarter (http://www .sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060524123803.htm). People react to music in different ways. Singing and dancing to your favourite music is known to help increase the flow of serotonin in the brain by bringing about pleasure and excitement to the individual. I was greatly astonished by some of the experiments and discoveries mostly carried out by scientists, therapist and authors involving this topic. This influenced me to create a questionnaire to discover how music influences its listeners and what music genre generates the most effects. This is a summary table of the research questionnaire I created and handed out to a sample audience of fifty. To obtain varied and reliable results I decided on a 50 percent male audience and 50 percent female. i.e. Every bar in this graph is out of a 100%. This is because I designed my questionnaire so people could tick many answers for a particular question. I then counted the number of people who listened to music for entertainment purposes out of number of audience I have and multiplied it by 100%. This enabled me convert all my figures into percentage. I decided on a 50 sample audience as it is large enough to obtain varied results, to help structure my graph and in order not to obtain decimal figures when converting to percentage. This was prepared to achieve reliable results. The data also indicates that 46 (92%) of the sample audience listen to more than 1 type of music. This proves that music is universal and its effects are not limited to one genre of music. As seen in the graph 82% of my sample audience listened to music for entertainment purposes. This proves that music provides stimulation and entertainment at the most fundamental level. 60% of my sample audience listened to music to help eliminate stress. This shows that music helps takes your mind temporally away from problems and it has the effect of eliminating tension from the mind. 30% of my audience listen to music for emotional purposes. This proves that music can help provide solace to its listeners. Four of my sample audience listened to music whilst studying and two suggested it helped improve their grades at school. Finally one person suggested it helped them gain confidence. My questionnaire also generated a link between music for entertainment purposes and stress elevation. Majority of my sample audience who listened to music for entertainment purposes also suggested it helped in eliminating stress. As shown in figure 2 above, modern music genres such as Hip hop and Rock/Pop is the most listened to probably due to its relatable lyrics. An analysis of the data by age groups also shows that 71% of the under 18s age group listen to music for entertainment purposes. 91% of the 18-21 age group that is 10 out of 11 people also listened to music for entertainment purposes. Of the 22 years and above age group, 17 out of 31 representing 55% listened to music to help eliminate stress. An analysis on gender shows that out of 25 females the influence of music is high amongst 5 representing 20% of the sample audience, 6 of them (25%) found the influence of music to be low. However, majority of them that is 12 (48%) indicated the effects of music to be medium. Out of 25 people in the male group, 5 representing 20% found the effects of music to be high and 12 representing 48% found it to be medium. This shows that music on an average has a medium effect on both male and female. Of the unemployed group of 4, three indicated the effects of music to be low. This may suggest that they need more than just music to entertain them and relieve stress. Writers mostly consisting of neurologist have published several books on the subject of music and its effects on the brain. Musicophilia is a highly recommended book, a New York Times bestseller. Written by Oliver Sacks (Author) and published by Picador on the 2nd of November 2007. It has been awarded one of the Best Books of 2007 by the Washington Post and the editors of Amazon.com. According to Oliver Sacks, Music can move us to the heights or depths of emotion. It can persuade us to buy something, or remind us of our first date. It can lift us out of depression when nothing else can. It can get us dancing. But the power of music occupies more areas of our brain than language does humans are a musical species. In this book Oliver Sacks tells interesting tales of individuals affected with the worse case of neurological conditions but are perfectly capable of memorising and composing songs on the piano. This has in effect changed the way we view the human brain. In Musicophilia, he cautiously explores the influence of music through the individual experiences of patients suffering from Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers or amnesia, stroke and many more. It also involves musicians, performers and normal individuals who have been greatly affected by music. There are also scenarios of people struck by lightning and are suddenly motivated to become pianist, to an entire group of children with Williams syndrome who are hyper musical right from birth. Oliver Sacks scientifically explains why music is at times haunting, memorable and irresistible. The extraordinary neural robustness of music is also brought out in the following letter I was sent, about a well-known pianist. The pianist is now 88 and has lost language but he plays every day. When the Mozart is read, he points back and ahead well in advance of the repeats. Two years ago he recorded a complete four-hand repertoire of Mozart that he had recorded in the 1950s (Page 336). Whiles his language has began to fail him, I love his recent playing and conception even more than the earlier recording a colleague stated. Another letter was written to Oliver by one man briefly explaining how his wife was diagnosed with a brain disorder but still plays the piano on a daily basis. Although my wife has Alzheimers diagnosed at least seven years ago-the essential person miraculously remainsShe plays piano several hours daily, very well. Her present ambition is to memorize the Schumann A-minor Piano Concerto (Page 337). Alzheimers is a progressive and fatal brain disease. Alzheimers destroys brain cells, causing memory loss and problems with thinking and behaviour severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimers gets worse over time, and it is fatal. Today it is the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. Alzheimers disease accounts for 50 to 80 percent of dementia cases. And yet this woman who is, in most other spheres, grossly forgetful and disabled memorises plays full songs on the piano. Music can survive the most devastating brain damage. A herpes infection left Clive Wearing, a musicologist and musician, with a memory span of no more than a few seconds. His entire life form was overturned. But, confronted with a piece of music, he would first insist he had never played it before and then play it flawlessly. The process of making the music overcame his handicap. His wife wrote to Sacks of Clives at-homeness in music . . . where he transcends amnesia and finds continuum. Or there is the case of Tony Cicoria, a man struck by lightning in a telephone box. A few weeks later, he was overcome by an insatiable desire to listen to piano music. He bought CDs and sheet music and began to resurrect his childhood piano lessons. Then, involuntarily, he began to compose music in his head. A torrent of notes came, he said, from heaven. Cicoria now lives in music. Oliver Sacks concentrates on stories written or told by the victim or the victims relative rather than theory; he does not come to a definite conclusion about music in his book but our intuition is reinforced by elaborate analysis of particular situations. Music genres such as hip hop, rock and pop has been known to help promote crime. Violence, racism, homophobic behaviours or sexist lyrics in much of todays popular music could have an impact on impressionable young people who are just developing a sense. Numerous studies indicate that a preference for heavy metal music may be a significant marker for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide risk, sex-role stereotyping or risk-taking behaviours during adolescence. (Source: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999) In conclusion music is a very powerful tool that creates a connection to the human soul, body and mind. As shown in my work music is used to entertain, as therapy in hospitals to relieve stress, help in communication, express emotions, enhance concentration and maintain alertness and vigilance. It is also used in stores to promote sales and to motivate the workers.

Leda and the Swan Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

In William Butler Yeats poem â€Å"Leda and the Swan†, he uses the fourteen lines of the traditional sonnet form in a radical, modernist style. He calls up a series of unforgettable, bizarre images of an immediate physical event using abstract descriptions in brief language. Through structure and language Yeats is able to paint a powerful sexual image to his readers without directly giving the meaning of the poem. â€Å"Leda and the Swan† is a violent, sexually explicit poem with its plain diction, rhythmic vigor, and allusions to mystical ideas about the universe, the relationship of human and divine, and the cycles of history. It can be seen as a poem about the way a single event is to be understood as part of a larger scheme; the result of the god’s assault on Leda is the birth of Helen of Troy...